A novel lipid droplets-targeting fluorescent probe based on dicyanisophorone and carbazole for Cu2+ and its application

A novel fluorescent probe, LCH , based on dicyanisophorone and carbazole, was prepared for the visual detection of Cu²⁺. The probe LCH could recognize Cu²⁺ by fluorescence quenching in EtOH/H₂O (1/4, v/v) solution, which could be easily identified under the 365 nm UV lamp, and the detection limit was as low as 0.785 μM. The recognition mechanism of probe LCH with Cu²⁺ was determined by combining ¹H NMR titration, MS, and theoretical calculations. Practical application experiments showed that probe LCH could be used to detect Cu²⁺ in the test strip experiments. Cell imaging experiments showed that the probe LCH owned good cell permeability and could be applied to the imaging of Cu²⁺ in HepG2 cells. In addition, fluorescence colocalization experiments showed that LCH could target lipid droplets. These results indicate that the probe LCH will have a good application prospect in environmental detection and clinical medicine.     

Sample plug induced peak splitting in capillary electrophoresis studied using dual backscattered interferometry and fluorescence detection

The appearance of unexpected peaks in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is common and can lengthen the time of method development as assay conditions and experimental parameters are varied to understand and mitigate the effects of the additional peaks. Additional peaks can arise when a single-analyte zone is split into multiple zones. Understanding the underlying mechanism of these phenomena, recognizing conditions that favor its presence, and knowing how to confirm and eliminate the effect are important for efficient method optimization. In this study, we examine how the overlap of analyte zones with the sample plug can lead to peak splitting. This is explored experimentally using dual detection CE, which enables both the sample plug and analyte zones to be independently and simultaneously measured from the same detection volume. Simulations performed via COMSOL Multiphysics confirm the origin of the splitting and help guide experiments to reduce and eliminate the effect. Our findings show that this peak splitting mechanism can arise in separations of both small and large molecules but is, especially, prevalent in separations of slowly migrating macromolecules. This effect is also more prevalent when using a short length-to-detector, as is commonly found in microfluidic applications. A simple diffusion-less model is introduced to develop strategies for reducing peak splitting that avoids modifying the apparatus, such as by lengthening the separation length, which can be difficult. Decreasing the sample plug length and slowing the electroosmotic flow can both reduce this effect, which is confirmed experimentally.     

框架核酸高通量检测芯片

构建了一种基于框架核酸的高通量生物检测芯片.利用超微量移液自动化平台,将包含框架核酸探针的液滴按照预设命令固定至生物芯片微阵列上,在探针捕获核酸靶标后利用集成的基因芯片扫描仪对芯片进行成像,通过分析荧光强度定量化分析靶标浓度.结果表明,此框架核酸芯片能够实现框架核酸探针的高通量制备, 24 h即可制备具有15万个点的微阵列,且点间距离的相对偏差W≤10%、荧光强度的变异系数CV=3.30%,具有较高的稳定性,远高于国家标准.此外,该芯片具备高灵敏度、可寻址的高通量生物分析能力,对核酸靶标的检测限可达100 pmol/L.随着多种探针技术的发展,生物检测微阵列技术在高通量生物分析领域展示出巨大的潜力.     

Comparison of benzothiazole-based dyes for sensitive DNA detection

For efficient and quantitative DNA detection, fluorescence staining is the most often explored approach, which relies on non-covalent binding of dyes with double stranded DNA (dsDNA). Ethidium bromide (EB) is the most classic DNA stain, but suffers from its high carcinogenicity. A series of less toxic alternatives were developed, many of which contain the core structure of the benzothiazole ring. However, the relationship between the structure and the DNA detection performance was not illustrated. Herein, five benzothiazole dyes, namely thiazole orange, SYBR Green I, PicoGreen, SYBR Safe, and thioflavine-T, were compared for DNA detection through direct fluorescence and gel electrophoresis, with particular focus on the structure-performance relationship. It turned out that SYBR Green I is currently the best choice for DNA detection. The results in this work may be useful for future DNA-staining dye developments.     

基于机器学习的直接电离质谱爆炸物检测方法

直接电离质谱系统在现场快速检测中的应用日益广泛,主要用于爆炸物、毒品、食品添加剂等的检测。然而,直接电离质谱系统中质谱信号波动大且同一浓度样品峰强呈现对数正态分布,严重影响了检出限附近低浓度样品的检测准确性。该研究将乙酰水杨酸(115个样品)作为爆炸物模拟物,利用介质阻挡放电离子源与质谱系统,研究了基于机器学习的直接电离质谱数据预处理和分类算法,以提高低浓度样品的检测准确率。对两种浓度为1 ng/mL的常见爆炸物样本(三硝基甲苯和硝酸铵分别为110、90个)及空白对照样本(366个)开展了应用实验。结果表明,与传统提取离子流方法和高斯混合模型方法相比,采用随机森林算法可将F_score从0.74、0.89提升至0.96,显著提高了检测准确率,且单个样本数据分析时间远少于0.1 s,满足实时检测需求。     

Janus 粒子在环境检测领域中的应用

Janus 粒子,也称为阴阳结构粒子或两面性非对称粒子,是指表面上具有两种或两种以上不同化学组成或性质的不对称粒子。目前,Janus 粒子因其独特的结构和功能已经逐渐成为生物医药、催化、材料以及防污等领域中的新型功能材料。在环境检测领域,Janus材料亦因其特殊的光学、磁学及电学性能,为提高检测灵敏度、选择性和稳定性等提供了新的研究方向。基于此,本文主要讨论了Janus材料在环境检测方面的特点、优势和相关应用。最后,本文基于本课题组的研究经验以及工作中所面临的问题,对本领域的发展和未来的研究方向提出了展望,以期对本领域的未来发展提供指导。     

基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感技术

多肽具有分子量小、易于合成、生物兼容性好、稳定性高及序列灵活多样等优点。因此,多肽作为新型生物识别元件,已被广泛应用于生物传感器的构建。电化学分析灵敏度高、准确度好、设备简单、检测范围广且易于操作。本文介绍了基于多肽识别的电化学生物传感器技术,包括多肽的修饰与固定化、多肽与待测物的识别及检测原理;综述了近五年多肽电化学生物传感器对重金属离子、小分子、蛋白质、细菌和病毒的检测;展望了肽基电化学生物传感器的发展趋势。     

爆炸物原料过氧化氢的比色和荧光可视化检测方法探讨

近年来,爆炸恐怖袭击严重威胁人民群众的生命和财产安全。通常,爆炸物分为制式爆炸物和非制式爆炸物两类。其中,过氧化物类爆炸物（PBEs）由于具有原料易得、容易合成且爆炸威力巨大等特点,成为恐怖分子的首选。由于H2O2不仅是制备PBEs的前驱体,而且还是PBEs的分解产物,目前常通过检测H2O2实现间接检测PBEs。此外,H2O2和燃料混合也是威力巨大的爆炸物。因此,爆炸物原料H2O2的检测对于国家安全和社会稳定具有十分重要的意义。与其它检测方法相比,比色和荧光检测方法因特异性好、灵敏度高、结果可视化、操作简单和便于现场检测等优点而受到广泛关注。该文主要综述了H2O2的比色和荧光可视化检测方法,并在此基础上,对这两种方法的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为相关领域研究人员提供理论支持和技术参考。     

改性钛基PbO2电极的制备及其对COD的快速检测

通过制备Ti/α/β-PbO₂、Ti/Ag/β-PbO₂这两种含有不同中间层的钛基二氧化铅电极来探究电催化氧化技术快速测定葡萄糖模拟废水中有机物(COD)含量的可行性。为了评估两种电极的各项性能,首先采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对电极进行形貌表征,其次进行电化学性能测试包括线性伏安曲线(LSV)、塔菲尔曲线(Tafel)、循环伏安曲线(CV)以及交流阻抗测量分析。结果表明,Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极表面晶体结构更加均匀,晶粒尺寸偏小,具有更大的电活性表面积。Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的析氧电位为1.77 V,为·OH的产生提供良好条件。在Tafel、CV测试中,Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的交换电流密度i₀及比电容C_p分别为0.0995 A·cm^-1、0.004098 F·cm^-1均高于Ti/Ag/β-PbO₂电极,说明Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的耐腐蚀性以及释放电子的能力优异。最终选用Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极为工作电极。Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极检测COD的最佳条件为：氧化电位1.30 V、电解时间150 s、电解液浓度0.03 mol·L^-1 硝酸钠(NaNO₃)。电化学法与比色消解法测定COD的相关系数可达0.9909,同时具有良好的重现性与相关性,COD的检测范围为0 mg·L^-1 ~ 500 mg·L^-1。在误差允许的范围内可以替代标准的重铬酸钾法,为实现COD的在线快速检测提供参考价值。